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MBio May 2018Emerging zoonotic viral diseases remain a challenge to global public health. Recent surveillance studies have implicated bats as potential reservoirs for a number of...
Emerging zoonotic viral diseases remain a challenge to global public health. Recent surveillance studies have implicated bats as potential reservoirs for a number of viral pathogens, including coronaviruses and Ebola viruses. represent a major viral family contributing to emerging diseases in both human and animal populations and have been recently identified in bats. In this study, we blended metagenomics, phylogenetics, homology modeling, and assays to characterize two novel bat calicivirus (BtCalV) capsid sequences, corresponding to strain BtCalV/A10/USA/2009, identified in near Little Orleans, MD, and bat norovirus. We observed that bat norovirus formed virus-like particles and had epitopes and receptor-binding patterns similar to those of human noroviruses. To determine whether these observations stretch across multiple bat caliciviruses, we characterized a novel bat calicivirus, BtCalV/A10/USA/2009. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BtCalV/A10/USA/2009 likely represents a novel genus and is most closely related to "recoviruses." Homology modeling revealed that the capsid sequences of BtCalV/A10/USA/2009 and bat norovirus resembled human norovirus capsid sequences and retained host ligand binding within the receptor-binding domains similar to that seen with human noroviruses. Both caliciviruses bound histo-blood group antigens in patterns that overlapped those seen with human and animal noroviruses. Taken together, our results indicate the potential for bat caliciviruses to bind histo-blood group antigens and overcome a significant barrier to cross-species transmission. Additionally, we have shown that bat norovirus maintains antigenic epitopes similar to those seen with human noroviruses, providing further evidence of evolutionary descent. Our results reiterate the importance of surveillance of wild-animal populations, especially of bats, for novel viral pathogens. Caliciviruses are rapidly evolving viruses that cause pandemic outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. The animal reservoirs for human caliciviruses are unknown; bats represent critical reservoir species for several emerging and zoonotic diseases. Recent reports have identified several bat caliciviruses but have not characterized biological functions associated with disease risk, including their potential emergence in other mammalian populations. In this report, we identified a novel bat calicivirus that is most closely related to nonhuman primate caliciviruses. Using this new bat calicivirus and a second norovirus-like bat calicivirus capsid gene sequence, we generated virus-like particles that have host carbohydrate ligand binding patterns similar to those of human and animal noroviruses and that share antigens with human noroviruses. The similarities to human noroviruses with respect to binding patterns and antigenic epitopes illustrate the potential for bat caliciviruses to emerge in other species and the importance of pathogen surveillance in wild-animal populations.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Blood Group Antigens; Caliciviridae; Caliciviridae Infections; Capsid Proteins; Chiroptera; Humans; Norovirus; Phylogeny; Protein Domains
PubMed: 29789360
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00869-18 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Feb 2022Infection with human noroviruses requires attachment to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) via the major capsid protein VP1 as a primary step. Several crystal structures...
Infection with human noroviruses requires attachment to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) via the major capsid protein VP1 as a primary step. Several crystal structures of VP1 protruding domain dimers, so called P-dimers, complexed with different HBGAs have been solved to atomic resolution. Corresponding binding affinities have been determined for HBGAs and other glycans exploiting different biophysical techniques, with mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy being most widely used. However, reported binding affinities are inconsistent. At the extreme, for the same system MS detects binding whereas NMR spectroscopy does not, suggesting a fundamental source of error. In this short essay, we will explain the reason for the observed differences and compile reliable and reproducible binding affinities. We will then highlight how a combination of MS techniques and NMR experiments affords unique insights into the process of HBGA binding by norovirus capsid proteins.
Topics: Binding Sites; Blood Group Antigens; Capsid Proteins; Humans; Norovirus; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding
PubMed: 34940787
DOI: 10.1042/BST20210526 -
Annals of Laboratory Medicine Jul 2022Reagent red blood cells (RBCs) are prepared from donated whole blood, resulting in various combinations of blood group antigens. This inconsistency can be resolved by...
BACKGROUND
Reagent red blood cells (RBCs) are prepared from donated whole blood, resulting in various combinations of blood group antigens. This inconsistency can be resolved by producing RBCs with uniform antigen expression. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated directly from mature cells constitute an unlimited source for RBC production. We aimed to produce erythroid cells from iPSCs for diagnostic purposes. We hypothesized that cultured erythroid cells express surface antigens that can be recognized by blood group antibodies.
METHODS
iPSCs were co-cultured with OP9 stromal cells to stimulate differentiation into the erythroid lineage. Cell differentiation was examined using microscopy and flow cytometry. Hemoglobin electrophoresis and oxygen-binding capacity testing were performed to verify that the cultured erythroid cells functioned normally. The agglutination reactions of the cultured erythroid cells to antibodies were investigated to confirm that the cells expressed blood group antigens.
RESULTS
The generated iPSCs showed stemness characteristics and could differentiate into the erythroid lineage. As differentiation progressed, the proportion of nucleated RBCs increased. Hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed a sharp peak in the hemoglobin F region. The oxygen-binding capacity test results were similar between normal RBCs and cultured nucleated RBCs. ABO and Rh-Hr blood grouping confirmed similar antigen expression between the donor RBCs and cultured nucleated RBCs.
CONCLUSIONS
We generated blood group antigen-expressing nucleated RBCs from iPSCs co-cultured with OP9 cells that can be used for diagnostic purposes. iPSCs from rare blood group donors could serve as an unlimited source for reagent production.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Cell Differentiation; Erythrocytes; Flow Cytometry; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 35177566
DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.4.457 -
Antiviral Research Sep 2016Human noroviruses are the leading causative agents of epidemic and sporadic viral gastroenteritis and childhood diarrhoea worldwide. Human histo-blood group antigens... (Review)
Review
Human noroviruses are the leading causative agents of epidemic and sporadic viral gastroenteritis and childhood diarrhoea worldwide. Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) serve as receptors for norovirus capsid protein attachment and play a critical role in infection. This makes HBGA-norovirus binding a promising target for drug development. Recently solved crystal structures of norovirus bound to HBGA have provided a structural basis for identification of potential anti-norovirus drugs and subsequently performed in silico and in vitro drug screens have identified compounds that block norovirus binding and may thereby serve as structural templates for design of therapeutic norovirus inhibitors. This review explores norovirus therapeutic options based on the strategy of blocking norovirus-HBGA binding.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Binding Sites; Blood Group Antigens; Capsid Proteins; Computer Simulation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Norovirus; Protein Binding; Receptors, Virus
PubMed: 27421712
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.006 -
BioMed Research International 2014ABO blood group and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus have been reported by many studies, but there is no discipline that had provided association with the...
BACKGROUND
ABO blood group and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus have been reported by many studies, but there is no discipline that had provided association with the genotype and gene frequency by population statics.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study on 480 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and 480 noncancer patients. ABO blood group was determined by presence of antigen with the help of monoclonal antibody. Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by statistical methods, and gene frequencies were calculated by Hardy-Weinberg model.
RESULTS
We observed significant associations between ABO genotype and squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. OR (95% CIs) was 1.69 (1.31-2.19) for presence of B antigen allele relative to its absence (P < 0.0001); in female subgroup OR (95% CIs) observed at 1.84 (1.27-2.65) was statistically significant (P = 0.001). SCC of esophagus shows significant difference in comparison to general population; blood group B is found to be higher in incidence (P = 0.0001). Increased risk of cancer was observed with absence of Rh antigen (P = 0.0001). Relatively increased gene frequency of q[B] allele is observed more significantly in female cancer patients (P = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
Statistically significant association between squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and ABO and Rh genotype is identified by this study. Sex and anatomical site of cancer also present with statistically significant relative association. However, larger randomised trials are required to establish the hypothesis.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Alleles; Blood Group Antigens; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Male; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 25054136
DOI: 10.1155/2014/286810 -
BMC Research Notes Dec 2017This study aims to determine the distribution of blood groups and the demographic background of blood donors in a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the distribution of blood groups and the demographic background of blood donors in a referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.
RESULTS
The most common blood group was O (52.3%) and the least common was AB (3.18%). 97.7% of the blood donors were Rh positive and the rest were Rh negative. Most donors were young adults, representing the age group of 19-29. The majority of donors were male (88.1%) and the majority (90.8%) were replacement while the remainder was voluntary donors.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Donors; Blood Group Antigens; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Tanzania; Young Adult
PubMed: 29246245
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3037-3 -
Immunohematology Jun 2019This update of the Scianna blood group system (Brunker PA, Flegel WA. Scianna: the lucky 13th blood group system. Immunohematology 2011;27:41-57) provides the recent...
This update of the Scianna blood group system (Brunker PA, Flegel WA. Scianna: the lucky 13th blood group system. Immunohematology 2011;27:41-57) provides the recent work on the genetic variation of ERMAP across more world populations, the elucidation of the molecular basis of an historical serologic case, new cases of antibodies in the system, the development of new serologic reagents, and new discoveries in the biology of the erythroid membrane associated protein (ERMAP). Although genetic variation in ERMAP has been extensively cataloged, nonsynonymous variants associated with alloantigens have remained limited, and no new antigens have been identified. The first case of a severe hemolytic transfusion reaction to anti-Sc2 has recently been reported, highlighting the importance of pursuing the possibility of antibodies to low-prevalence antigens via indirect antiglobulin testing as a routine component of all transfusion reaction investigations. The expanding use of molecular testing in blood centers and transfusion services has uncovered a wider population distribution of Scianna antigens and heightened the awareness of this blood group system. The International Society of Blood Transfusion recognizes seven antigens in the Scianna blood group system 13.
Topics: Blood Group Antigens; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Isoantigens; Transfusion Reaction
PubMed: 31246487
DOI: No ID Found -
Proteomics Dec 2016Protein-ligand interactions serve as fundamental regulators of numerous biological processes. Among protein-ligand pairs, glycan binding proteins (GBPs) and the glycans... (Review)
Review
Protein-ligand interactions serve as fundamental regulators of numerous biological processes. Among protein-ligand pairs, glycan binding proteins (GBPs) and the glycans they recognize represent unique and highly complex interactions implicated in a broad range of regulatory activities. With few exceptions, cell surface receptors and secreted proteins are heavily glycosylated. As these glycans often represent highly regulatable post-translational modifications, alterations in glycosylation can fundamentally impact GBP recognition. Among GBPs, galectins in particular appear to engage a diverse set of glycan determinants to impact a broad range of biological processes. In this review, we will explore factors that impact galectin activity, including the effect of glycan modification on galectin-glycan interactions.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blood Group Antigens; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Galectins; Glycolipids; Humans; Ligands; Molecular Docking Simulation; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 27582340
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600116 -
Blood Jan 1995
Review
Topics: Animals; Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; Antigens, CD; Blood Group Antigens; CD55 Antigens; Carrier Proteins; Duffy Blood-Group System; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Genetic Engineering; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Membrane Glycoproteins; Models, Biological; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
PubMed: 7529059
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del... Jul 2021
Topics: Alleles; Blood Group Antigens; Genotype; Humans; Phenotype; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Rho(D) Immune Globulin
PubMed: 34704554
DOI: 10.2450/2021.0147-21